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How to read the literature

Research

A reader's guide to evaluating clinical research — hierarchies of evidence, methodology, common pitfalls in consumer translation.

Research methodology

How to Read a Clinical Trial: A Primer for Non-Scientists

A reader's guide to evaluating clinical research: the hierarchy of evidence, PICO framework, p-values, effect size, conflicts of interest, and red flags in popular coverage.

10 min read · 2026-06-01