proco
How to read the literature

Research

A reader's guide to evaluating clinical research — hierarchies of evidence, methodology, common pitfalls in consumer translation.

Supplement industry

The State of Supplement Underdosing 2026

We checked the 50 best-selling pre-workouts against published clinical dose ranges. 94% hide a key dose or underdose a disclosed one; 92% of citrulline doses fall below the clinical floor.

15 min read · 2026-06-05
Research methodology

How to Read a Clinical Trial: A Primer for Non-Scientists

A reader's guide to evaluating clinical research: the hierarchy of evidence, PICO framework, p-values, effect size, conflicts of interest, and red flags in popular coverage.

10 min read · 2026-06-01
Research methodology

Health Misinformation: What the Research Describes About the Scale

Research on health misinformation reports approximately 25-50% inaccurate content rates across major platforms. This page summarises what studies have measured.

10 min read · 2026-06-01
Research methodology

Why "Evidence-Based" Gets Misused

The term "evidence-based" had a precise methodology when it entered medical practice in 1992. In consumer markets it has been diluted to a marketing label. This page describes the gap.

10 min read · 2026-06-01
Research methodology

How to Evaluate a Meta-Analysis

Meta-analyses sit at the top of the evidence hierarchy but aren't all equally rigorous. This page describes how to read one — heterogeneity, GRADE, forest plots, publication bias.

11 min read · 2026-06-01